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  Multistage Sampling Multistage Sampling is very useful when the population is widespread and it is not possible to list all members of the sampling unit. It is a complex of Cluster Sampling. Cluster Sampling is a type of sampling that involves dividing the population into groups or clusters. Then one or more clusters are chosen at random and everyone within the chosen cluster is sampled. Cluster Sampling sometimes involves selecting samples in two stages but Multistage Sampling involves more than two stages of selecting the sample. Sampling involves more than two stages of selecting the sample. To understand the whole process of Multistage Sampling Technique, let us take an example “ A Study of Problems in Managing Mid-day Meal by Principals of Middle Schools of Madhya Pradesh State” ·        In this study the sampling unit is Principals of Middle Schools of Madya Pradesh State. ·        To select the sa...

  Management information systems in the field of education 👉   Management information system is a system consisting of people, machines, procedures, databases and data models, as its elements. The system gathers data from the internal and external sources of an organization. Management Information System is an accumulation of 3 different terms as explained below. Management-   Management is the art of getting things done through and with the people in formally organized groups.  Information-  Information simply means processed data or in the layman's language, data that can be converted into meaningful and useful form for a specific user. System-  A group of interrelated components working together towards a common goal by accepting input and producing output in an organized transformation process. Thus, a  Management Information System or MIS   is a central repository that essentially:   gathers,  organizes, and stores data...

Collaborative Method of Teaching 👯  Collaborative learning is an educational approach to teaching and learning that involves groups of learners working together to s olve a problem, complete a task, or create a product .  Collaborative learning is based on the idea that learning is a naturally social act in which the participants talk among themselves. It is through the task that learning occurs. 👉The term collaborative learning refers to an instruction method in which students at various performance levels work together in small groups towards a common goa l.  The students are re sponsible for one another’s learning as well as their own . Thus, the success of one student helps other students to be successful. 👉ELEMENTS OF COLLABORATIVE LEARNING Five elements define true cooperative learning in groups:  Face-to-face interaction ---Face-to-face interaction is a bit counter-intuitive because it doesn't necessarily mean face-to-face as in 'in-person'. It actually...

  MEASUREMENT AND SCALING Measurement is the process of observing and recording the observations that are collected as part of research.  The recording of the Measurement and Scaling Techniques observations may be in terms of numbers or other symbols to characteristics of objects according to certain prescribed rules.  The respondent’s, characteristics are feelings, attitudes, opinions, etc. 👉 There are two reasons for assigning numbers to any characteristics: First, the numbers facilitate further statistical analysis of the data obtained. Second, numbers facilitate the co mmunication of measurement rules and results. The most important aspect of measurement is the specification of rules for assignin g numbers to characteristics. The rules for assigning numbers should be standardized and applied uniformly. This must not change over time or objects. When a researcher  is interested in measuring the attitudes, feelings, or opinions of respondents he/she should be cl...